Game Boy

Game Boy

Manufacturer	Nintendo
Product family	Game Boy line
Type	Handheld game console
Generation	Fourth generation
Release date	JP: April 21, 1989 NA: July 31, 1989 EU: September 28, 1990
Retail availability	1989–2003
Introductory price	Game Boy: ¥10242.07/US$89.95/AU$124.26
Discontinued	March 23, 2003
Units sold	Worldwide: 118.69 million (including Game Boy (Play it Loud!), Game Boy Pocket, Game Boy Light and Color units)
Media	ROM cartridge ("Game Pak")
CPU	Sharp LR35902 core @ 4.19 MHz
Display	LCD 160x144 pixels, 47x43 mm
Best-selling game	Tetris, 30.26 million (pack-in/separately).
Predecessor	Game & Watch
Successor	Game Boy Pocket (redesign) Game Boy Light (redesign) Game Boy Color (successor)

Introduction

The Game Boy is an 8-bit handheld game console which was developed and manufactured by Nintendo and first released on 1989-4-21, in North America on 1989-7-31, and in Europe on 1990-9-28. It is the first handheld console in the Game Boy line and was created and published by Satoru Okada and Nintendo Research & Development 1. This same team, led by Gunpei Yokoi at the time, is credited with designing the Game & Watch series as well as several popular games for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Redesigned versions were released in 1996 and 1998 in the form of Game Boy Pocket and Game Boy Light (Japan only), respectively.

The Game Boy is Nintendo's first handheld game console and it combined features from both the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game & Watch.<ref name="allgame" /> It was sold either as a standalone unit or bundled with the puzzle game Tetris.

During its early lifetime, the Game Boy mainly competed with Sega's Game Gear, Atari's Lynx, and NEC's TurboExpress. The Game Boy outsold its rivals and became a significant success. The Game Boy and its successor, the Game Boy Color, have sold over 118 million units worldwide. Upon the Game Boy's release in the United States, its entire shipment of one million units was sold within a few weeks.<ref>Kent 2001, p. 416. "According to an article in Time magazine, the one million Game Boys sent to the United States in 1989 met only half the demand for the product. That allotment sold out in a matter of weeks and its black and white (except for Konami/Factor 5 games and SeaQuest DSV), was shown in color like the Game Gear version."</ref> Production of the Game Boy and Game Boy Color were discontinued in the early 2000s, being replaced by the subsequent Game Boy Advance, released in 2001.

Specifications

The standard gray cartridge for the original Game Boy games, although other colors and shapes exist.

The Game Boy has four operation buttons labeled "A", "B", "SELECT", and "START", as well as a directional pad. There is a volume control dial on the right side of the device and a similar dial on the left side to adjust the contrast. At the top of the Game Boy, a sliding on-off switch and the slot for the Game Boy cartridges are located. The on-off switch includes a physical lockout to prevent users from either inserting or removing a cartridge while the unit is switched on. Nintendo recommends users leave a cartridge in the slot to prevent dust and dirt from entering the system.

The Game Boy also contains optional input and/or output connectors. On the left side of the system is an external 3.5mm × 1.35mm DC power supply jack that allows users to use an external rechargeable battery pack or AC adapter (sold separately) instead of four AA batteries. The Game Boy requires 6 V DC of at least 150 mA. A 3.5 mm stereo headphone jack is located on the bottom side of the unit which allows users to listen to the audio with the bundled headphones or external speakers.

The right-side of the device offers a port which allows a user to connect to another Game Boy system via a link cable, provided both users are playing the same game. The port can also be used to connect a Game Boy Printer. The link cable was originally designed for players to play head-to-head two-player games such as in Tetris. However, game developer Satoshi Tajiri would later use the link cable technology as a method of communication and networking in the popular Pokémon video game series.

Technical specifications

• CPU: Custom 8-bit Sharp LR35902 at 4.19 MHz. This processor is similar to an Intel 8080 in that none of the registers introduced in the Z80 are present. However, some of the Z80's instruction set enhancements over the 8080, particularly bit manipulation, are present. Still other instructions are unique to this particular flavor of 8080/Z80 CPU. Parity flag, half of conditional and all input-output instructions were removed from 8080 instruction set also. The IC also contains integrated sound generation.
• RAM: 8 kB internal S-RAM (can be extended up to 32 kB)
• Video RAM: 8 kB internal
• ROM: On-CPU-Die 256-byte bootstrap; 256 kb, 512 kb, 1 Mb, 2 Mb, 4 Mb and 8 Mb cartridges
• Sound: 2 pulse wave generators, 1 PCM 4-bit wave sample (64 4-bit samples played in 1×64 bank or 2×32 bank) channel, 1 noise generator, and one audio input from the cartridge. The unit only has one speaker, but the headphone port outputs stereo sound.
• Display: Reflective STN LCD 160 × 144 pixels
• Frame rate: Approximately 59.7 frames per second
• Vertical blank duration: Approx 1.1 ms
• Screen size: 66 mm (2.6 in) diagonal
• Color palette: 2-bit (4 shades of "gray" {light to very dark olive green})
• Communication: 2 Game Boys can be linked together via built-in serial ports, up to 4 with a DMG-07 4-player adapter. And 16 in maximum.
• Power: 6 V, 0.7 W (4 AA batteries provide approximately 15 hours of gameplay)
• Dimensions: 90 mm (W) × 148 mm (H) × 32 mm (D) / 3.5″ × 5.8″ × 1.3″
• Weight: 220 g