Editing PlayStation 2

{{Infobox information appliance
| logo         = PlayStation 2 logo.svg
| image        = PS2-Versions.jpg
| caption      = '''Left:''' Original PlayStation&nbsp;2, with vertical stand<br/>'''Right:''' Slimline PlayStation&nbsp;2, with vertical stand, 8&nbsp;MB memory card and [[DualShock&nbsp;2]] controller
| aka          = PS2
| developer    = [[Sony Computer Entertainment]]
| manufacturer = [[Sony]]
| family       = [[PlayStation]]
| type         = [[Home video game console]]
| generation   = [[Sixth generation of video game consoles|Sixth generation]]
| lifespan     = 2000&ndash;2013
| discontinued = {{vgrelease|JP|December 28, 2012}} {{vgrelease|WW|January 4, 2013}}
| media        = [[DVD]], [[CD]]
| cpu          = "[[Emotion Engine]]"
| CPUspeed     = 300&nbsp;MHz
| memory       = 32&nbsp;MB of [[RDRAM]] (system RAM)<br />4&nbsp;MB of [[eDRAM]] ([[video RAM]])
| storage      = 40&nbsp;GB [[hard drive]] <small>(add-on)</small>
| memory card  = {{ubl|8&nbsp;MB PlayStation&nbsp;2 [[Memory cards in video game consoles|memory card]]|128&nbsp;KB PlayStation memory card}}
| display      = {{Collapsible list|title= Video output formats|
*[[Composite video]]
*[[S-Video]]
*[[SCART#RGB_overlays_.28fast_switching.29|SCART/JP21 RGB]]
*[[VGA connector|VGA]] <small>(progressive scan capable software only)</small>
*[[YPbPr|{{YPbPr}}]] [[component video]]/[[D-Terminal]]
}}
| sound        = [[Dolby Digital]] 5.1 and [[DTS (sound system)|DTS]] 5.1
| controllers  = [[DualShock 2]], [[DualShock]], [[PlayStation Controller]], [[EyeToy]], [[PlayStation 2 accessories|PlayStation 2 DVD Remote Control]] 
| connectivity = 100&nbsp;Mbit [[Ethernet]]/[[modem]] <small>(requires adapter on SCPH-10000-500xx models)</small>, 2 × [[USB 1.1]], 1 × [[IEEE 1394 interface]]
| compatibility= [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]]
| predecessor  = PlayStation
| successor    = [[PlayStation 3]]
| title        = PlayStation 2
| releasedate  = '''PlayStation 2'''{{vgrelease|JP|March 4, 2000|NA|October 26, 2000|EU|November 24, 2000|AUS|November 30, 2000}}'''PlayStation 2 Slimline'''{{vgrelease|EU|October 29, 2004|JP|November 3, 2004|NA|November 25, 2004|AUS|December 2, 2004}}
| price        = 
| unitssold    = 155&nbsp;million (as of January 4, 2013)
| unitsshipped = 
| GPU          = 150&nbsp;MHz "[[Graphics Synthesizer]]"
| onlineservice= [[PS2 Online]]
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| topgame      = ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'': 17.33 million sold <small>(as of February 2009)</small>
}}
The '''PlayStation 2''' ('''PS2''') is a [[home video game console]] that was developed by [[Sony Computer Entertainment]]. It is the successor to the [[PlayStation (console)|original PlayStation console]] and is the second iteration in the [[PlayStation]] lineup of consoles. It was released in 2000 and competed with [[Sega]]'s [[Dreamcast]], [[Nintendo]]'s [[GameCube]] and [[Microsoft]]'s [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]] in the [[sixth generation of video game consoles]].

Announced in 1999, the PlayStation 2 offered [[Backward compatibility|backwards compatibility]] for its predecessor's [[DualShock]] controller, as well as for its games. The PlayStation 2 is the [[List of best-selling video game consoles and handhelds|best-selling video game console]] of all time, selling over 155 million units, with 150 million confirmed by Sony in 2011. More than [[List of PlayStation 2 games|3,874 game titles]] have been released for the PS2 since launch, and more than 1.5 billion copies have been sold. Sony later manufactured several smaller, lighter revisions of the console known as ''Slimline'' models in 2004. In 2006, Sony announced and launched its successor, the [[PlayStation 3]].

Even with the release of its successor, the PlayStation 2 remained popular well into the [[History of video game consoles (seventh generation)|seventh generation]] and continued to be produced until January 4, 2013, when Sony finally announced that the PlayStation 2 had been discontinued after 12 years of production – one of the longest runs for a video game console. Despite the announcement, new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013, including ''[[Final Fantasy XI|Final Fantasy XI: Seekers of Adoulin]]'' for Japan, ''[[FIFA 13]]'' for North America, and ''[[Pro Evolution Soccer 2014]]'' for Europe. Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7, 2018.

==History==
Though [[Sony]] has kept details of the PlayStation 2's development secret, work on the console began around the time that the original PlayStation was released (in late 1994). Insiders stated that it was developed in the [[U.S. West Coast]] by former members of [[Argonaut Software]]. By 1997 word had leaked to the press that the console would have backwards compatibility with the original PlayStation, a built-in [[DVD player]], and Internet connectivity. Sony announced the PlayStation 2 (PS2) on March 1, 1999. The [[video game console]] was positioned as a competitor to [[Sega]]'s [[Dreamcast]], the first [[History of video game consoles (sixth generation)|sixth-generation console]] to be released, although ultimately the main rivals of the PS2 were [[Nintendo]]'s [[GameCube]] and [[Microsoft]]'s [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]]. The Dreamcast itself launched very successfully in North America later that year, selling over 500,000 units within two weeks.

Soon after the Dreamcast's North American launch, Sony unveiled the PlayStation 2 at the [[Tokyo Game Show]] on September 20, 1999. Sony showed fully playable demos of upcoming PlayStation 2 games including ''[[Gran Turismo 2000]]'' (later released as ''[[Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec]]'') and ''[[Tekken Tag Tournament]]''{{snd}} which showed the console's graphic abilities and power.

The PS2 was launched in March 2000 in Japan, October in North America, and November in Europe. Sales of the console, games and accessories pulled in $250 million on the first day, beating the $97 million made on the first day of the Dreamcast. Directly after its release, it was difficult to find PS2 units on retailer shelves due to manufacturing delays. Another option was purchasing the console online through auction websites such as [[eBay]], where people paid over a thousand dollars for the console. The PS2 initially sold well partly on the basis of the strength of the PlayStation brand and the console's backward compatibility, selling over 980,000 units in Japan by March 5, 2000, one day after launch. This allowed the PS2 to tap the large install base established by the PlayStation{{snd}} another major selling point over the competition. Later, Sony added new development kits for game developers and more PS2 units for consumers. The PS2's built-in functionality also expanded its audience beyond the gamer, as its debut pricing was the same or less than a standalone DVD player. This made the console a low cost entry into the home theater market.

The success of the PS2 at the end of 2000 caused Sega problems both financially and competitively, and Sega announced the discontinuation of the Dreamcast in March 2001, just 18 months after its successful launch. The PS2 remained as the only active sixth generation console for over 6 months, before it would face competition from newer rivals; Nintendo's GameCube and Microsoft's Xbox, which were then released. Many analysts predicted a close three-way matchup among the three consoles; the Xbox having the most powerful hardware, while the GameCube was the least expensive console, and Nintendo changed its policy to encourage third-party developers. While the PlayStation 2 theoretically had the weakest specification of the three, it had a head start due to its installed base plus strong developer commitment, as well as a built-in DVD player (the Xbox required an adapter, while the GameCube lacked support entirely). While the PlayStation 2's initial games lineup was considered mediocre, this changed during the 2001 [[Christmas and holiday season|holiday season]] with the release of several blockbuster games that maintained the PS2's sales momentum and held off its newer rivals. Sony also countered the Xbox by temporarily securing PlayStation 2 exclusives for highly anticipated games such as the [[Grand Theft Auto|''Grand Theft Auto'' series]] and ''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty]]''.

Sony cut the price of the console in May 2002 from US$299 to $199 in North America, making it the same price as the GameCube and $100 less than the Xbox. It also planned to cut the price in Japan around that time. It cut the price twice in Japan in 2003. In 2006, Sony cut the cost of the console in anticipation of the release of the [[PlayStation 3]].

Sony, unlike Sega with its Dreamcast, originally placed little emphasis on online gaming during its first few years, although that changed upon the launch of the [[Xbox Live|online-capable Xbox]]. Coinciding with the release of Xbox Live, Sony released the PlayStation Network Adapter in late 2002, with several online first–party titles released alongside it, such as ''[[SOCOM: U.S. Navy SEALs]]'' to demonstrate its active support for Internet play.{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} Sony also advertised heavily, and its online model had the support of [[Electronic Arts]] (EA); EA did not offer online Xbox titles until 2004. Although Sony and Nintendo both started out late, and although both followed a decentralized model of online gaming where the responsibility is up to the developer to provide the servers, Sony's moves made online gaming a major selling point of the PS2.

In September 2004, in time for the launch of ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'', Sony revealed a newer, slimmer PS2. In preparation for the launch of the new models (SCPH-700xx-9000x), Sony stopped making the older models (SCPH-3000x-500xx) to let the distribution channel empty its stock of the units.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} After an apparent manufacturing issue{{snd}} Sony reportedly underestimated demand{{snd}} caused some initial slowdown in producing the new unit caused in part by shortages between the time the old units were cleared out and the new units were ready. The issue was compounded in Britain when a Russian oil tanker became stuck in the [[Suez Canal]], blocking a ship from China carrying PS2s bound for the UK. During one week in November, British sales totalled 6,000 units{{snd}} compared to 70,000 units a few weeks prior. There were shortages in more than 1,700 stores in North America on the day before Christmas.

==Hardware==
PlayStation 2 software is distributed on CD-ROM and DVD-ROM. In addition the console can play audio CDs and DVD movies, and is [[Backward compatibility|backwards compatible]] with PlayStation games. The PS2 also supports PlayStation [[memory card]]s and controllers, although original PlayStation memory cards only work with original PlayStation games and the controllers may not support all functions (such as analog buttons) for PS2 games.

The standard PlayStation 2 memory card has an 8&nbsp;[[Megabyte|MB]] capacity. There are a variety of non-Sony manufactured memory cards available for the PlayStation&nbsp;2, allowing for a memory capacity larger than the standard 8&nbsp;MB.

The console also features [[Universal Serial Bus|USB]] and [[IEEE 1394]] (Firewire) expansion ports. A hard disk drive can be installed in an [[PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay|expansion bay]] on the back of the console, and is required to play certain games, notably the popular ''[[Final Fantasy XI]]''. This is only available on certain models.

The hardware uses the [[Emotion Engine]] CPU, a custom-designed processor based on the [[MIPS architecture]] with a floating point performance of 6.2 [[GFLOPS]], and the custom-designed Graphics Synthesizer GPU, with a [[fillrate]] of 2.4 gigapixels/second, capable of rendering up to 75 million polygons per second. When accounting for features such as [[Computer graphics lighting|lighting]], [[texture mapping]], [[artificial intelligence]], and [[game physics]], it has a real-world performance of 3 million to 16 million polygons per second.

===Audio/video===
The PlayStation 2 may natively output video resolutions on [[SDTV]] and [[HDTV]] from [[480i]] to [[480p]] while other games, such as ''[[Gran Turismo 4]]'' and ''[[Tourist Trophy (video game)|Tourist Trophy]]'' are known to support up-scaled [[1080i]] resolution using any of the following standards: [[composite video]] (480i), [[S-Video]] (480i), [[Analog RGB#RGB analog component video|RGB]] (480i/p), [[VGA]] (for progressive scan games and [[Linux for PlayStation 2|PS2 Linux]] only), [[YPbPr|{{YPbPr}}]] component video (which display most original PlayStation games in their native 240p mode which most HDTV sets do not support), and [[D-Terminal]]. Cables are available for all of these signal types; these cables also output analog stereo audio. Additionally, an [[RF modulator]] is available for the system to connect to older TVs.

Digital ([[S/PDIF]]) audio may also be output by the console via its [[TOSLINK]] connector which outputs 5.1 channel sound.

===Retail configurations===
[[File:PlayStation2-DualShock2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The PS2's controller, the [[DualShock#DualShock 2|DualShock 2]], had the same form factor as the PlayStation [[DualShock]].]]
The PS2 has undergone many revisions, some only of internal construction and others involving substantial external changes.

The PS2 is primarily differentiated between models featuring the original "fat" case design and "slimline" models, which were introduced at the end of 2004. In 2010, the Sony Bravia KDL-22PX300 was made available to consumers. It was a 22" HD-Ready television which incorporated a built-in PlayStation 2.

The PS2 standard color is matte black. Several variations in color were produced in different quantities and regions, including ceramic white, light yellow, metallic blue (aqua), metallic silver, navy (star blue), opaque blue (astral blue), opaque black (midnight black), pearl white, [[sakura]] purple, satin gold, satin silver, snow white, super red, transparent blue (ocean blue), and also Limited Edition color Pink, which was distributed in some regions such as Oceania, and parts of Asia.

In September 2004, Sony unveiled its third major hardware revision. Available in late October 2004, it was smaller, thinner, and quieter than the original versions and included a built-in [[Ethernet]] port (in some markets it also had an integrated [[modem]]). Due to its thinner profile, it did not contain the 3.5" [[PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay|expansion bay]] and therefore did not support the [[PlayStation 2#Hard disk drive|internal hard disk drive]]. It also lacked an internal power supply until a later revision (excluding the Japan version), similar to the [[GameCube]], and had a modified [[Multitap]] expansion. The removal of the expansion bay was criticized as a limitation due to the existence of titles such as ''[[Final Fantasy XI]]'', which required the use of the HDD.

Sony also manufactured a consumer device called the [[PSX (video game console)|PSX]] that can be used as a [[digital video recorder]] and DVD burner in addition to playing PS2 games. The device was released in Japan on December 13, 2003, and was the first Sony product to include the [[XrossMediaBar]] interface. It did not sell well in the Japanese market and was not released anywhere else.

===Disc Read Error (DRE) lawsuit===
A class action lawsuit was filed against Sony Computer Entertainment America Inc. on July 16, 2002, in the Superior Court of California, County of San Mateo. The lawsuit addresses consumer reports of inappropriate "no disc error" (disc read error) messages and other problems associated with playing DVDs and CDs on the PlayStation 2.

Sony settled its "disc read error" lawsuit by compensating the affected customers with USD $25, a free game from a specified list, and the reduced cost repair or replacement (at SCEA's discretion) of the damaged system. This settlement was subject to the courts' approval, and hearings began in the US and Canada on April 28, 2006, and May 11, 2006, respectively.

==Games==
{{See also|List of PlayStation 2 games|List of best-selling PlayStation 2 video games|List of PlayStation games incompatible with PlayStation 2}}

PlayStation 2 software is distributed on CD-ROM and DVD-ROM; the two formats are differentiated by the color of their discs' bottoms, with CD-ROMs being blue and DVD-ROMs being silver. The PlayStation 2 offered some particularly high-profile exclusive games. Most main entries in the ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'', ''[[Final Fantasy]]'', and ''[[Metal Gear Solid]]'' series were released exclusively for the console. Several prolific series got their start on the PlayStation 2, including ''[[God of War (franchise)|God of War]]'', ''[[Ratchet & Clank]]'', ''[[Jak and Daxter]]'', ''[[Devil May Cry]],'' ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'', and ''[[Sly Cooper]]''. ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' was the best-selling game on the console.

Game releases peaked in 2004, but declined with the release of the [[PlayStation 3]] in 2006. The last new game for the console in Asia is ''[[Final Fantasy XI|Final Fantasy XI: Seekers of Adoulin]]'', in North America is ''[[FIFA 13]]'', and in Europe is ''[[Pro Evolution Soccer 2014]]''. As of June 30, 2007, a total of 10,035 [[software]] titles have been released worldwide (counting games released in multiple regions as separate titles).

==Online functionality==
[[File:Sony-PlayStation-2-70001-Console-BR.jpg|thumb|Slim model with network adapter.]]
PlayStation 2 users had the option to play select games over the [[Internet]], using a [[broadband]] [[Internet connection]] and a [[PlayStation 2 Network Adaptor]]. Instead of having a unified, subscription-based online service like [[Xbox Live]] as competitor Microsoft later chose for its Xbox console, online multiplayer functionality on the PlayStation 2 was the responsibility of the game publisher and ran on third-party servers. Most recent{{when|date=May 2012}} PlayStation 2 online games have been developed to exclusively support broadband Internet access. Xbox Live similarly requires a broadband Internet connection.

==Reception==

===Sales===
The PlayStation 2 has sold over 150 million units worldwide as of March 31, 2012. In Europe, it has sold 48 million units as of May 6, 2008, according to Sony Computer Entertainment Europe, while in North America, it has sold 50 million units as of December 2008. In Japan, the PS2 has sold 21,454,325 units as of October 1, 2008, according to ''[[Famitsu]]''/[[Enterbrain]]. In 2005, the PlayStation 2 became the fastest game console to reach 100 million units shipped, accomplishing the feat within 5 years and 9 months from its launch.

==Accessories==
[[File:PS2-Eyetoy.jpg|thumb|200px|The [[EyeToy]]{{snd}} a motion detecting camera]]

The PlayStation 2's DualShock 2 [[game controller|controller]] is largely identical to the PlayStation's [[DualShock]], with the same basic functionality. However, it includes [[analog signal|analog]] pressure sensitivity on the face, shoulder and D-pad buttons, replacing the [[Digital data|digital]] buttons of the original. (These buttons would later become digital again with the release of the [[DualShock 4]].) Like its predecessor, the DualShock 2 controller has [[Haptic technology#Computer and video games|force feedback]], or "vibration" functionality. It is lighter and includes two more levels of [[oscillation|vibration]].

[[File:PS2-DVD-Remote.jpg|left|thumb|200px|The PlayStation 2 DVD remote control]]

===General===
[[File:PS2-8MB-Mem-Card.jpg|thumbnail|The PlayStation 2 memory card]]
Optional hardware includes additional DualShock or DualShock 2 controllers, a PS2 DVD [[remote control]], an internal or external [[hard disk drive]] (HDD), a network adapter, horizontal and vertical stands, PlayStation or PS2 [[memory card]]s, the [[multitap]] for PlayStation or PS2, a [[USB]] motion camera ([[EyeToy]]), a USB [[computer keyboard|keyboard]] and [[Mouse (computing)|mouse]], and a [[Headphones|headset]].

The original PS2 multitap (SCPH-10090) cannot be plugged into the newer slim models, as the multitap connects to the memory card slot as well as the controller slot and the memory card slot on the slimline is shallower. New slim-design multitaps (SCPH-70120) were manufactured for these models, however third-party adapters also exist to permit original multitaps to be used.

Early versions of the PS2 could be networked via an [[FireWire|i.LINK]] port, though this had little game support and was dropped. Some third party manufacturers have created devices that allow disabled people to access the PS2 through ordinary switches, etc.

Some third-party companies, such as [[JoyTech]], have produced [[LCD]] [[computer monitor|monitor]] and speaker attachments for the PS2, which attach to the back of the console. These allow users to play games without access to a television as long as there is access to [[mains electricity]] or a similar power source. These screens can fold down onto the PS2 in a similar fashion to [[laptop]] screens.{{clear}}

===Music===
[[File:Singstar usb microphones.png|thumb|right|100px|[[SingStar]] microphones]]

There are many accessories for musical games, such as [[dance pad]]s for ''[[Dance Dance Revolution]]'', ''[[In the Groove (video game)|In the Groove]]'', and ''[[List of Pump It Up video games|Pump It Up]]'' titles and ''[[High School Musical 3: Senior Year Dance]]''. [[Konami]] microphones for use with the ''[[Karaoke Revolution]]'' games, dual [[microphone]]s (sold with and used exclusively for ''[[SingStar]]'' games), various "guitar" controllers (for the ''[[Guitar Freaks]]'' series and ''[[Guitar Hero]]'' series), the drum set controller (sold in a box set (or by itself) with a "guitar" controller and a USB microphone (for use with ''[[Rock Band]]'' and ''[[Guitar Hero]]'' series, ''World Tour'' and newer), and a [[taiko]] drum controller for ''[[Taiko: Drum Master]]''.

===Controllers===
Specialized controllers include [[light gun]]s ([[GunCon]]), fishing rod and reel controllers, a ''[[Dragon Quest VIII: Journey of the Cursed King|Dragon Quest VIII]]'' "slime" controller, a ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]'' "Tiny Bee" dual pistol controller, an ''[[Onimusha 3: Demon Siege|Onimusha 3]]'' katana controller, and a ''[[Resident Evil 4]]'' chainsaw controller.

===Mouse and Keyboard===
Unlike the PlayStation, which requires the use of an official Sony [[PlayStation Mouse]] to play mouse-compatible games, the few PS2 games with mouse support work with a standard USB mouse as well as a USB [[trackball]]. In addition, some of these games also support the usage of a USB keyboard for text input, game control (in lieu of a DualShock or DualShock 2 gamepad, in tandem with a USB mouse), or both.

==Homebrew development==

Using homebrew programs, it is possible to play various audio and video file formats on a PS2. Homebrew programs can also be used to play patched backups of original PS2 DVD games on unmodified consoles, and to install retail discs to an installed hard drive on older models. Homebrew emulators of older computer and gaming systems have been developed for the PS2.

Sony released a [[Linux]]-based operating system, [[Linux for PlayStation 2]], for the PS2 in a package that also includes a [[computer keyboard|keyboard]], [[mouse (computing)|mouse]], [[Ethernet]] adapter and HDD. In Europe and Australia, the PS2 comes with a free [[Yabasic]] interpreter on the bundled demo disc. This allows users to create simple programs for the PS2. A port of the [[NetBSD]] project and [[BlackRhino GNU/Linux]], an alternative [[Debian]]-based distribution, are also available for the PS2.